{"id":4207,"date":"2023-07-12T17:00:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T15:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/perangua.com\/?p=4207"},"modified":"2023-07-14T09:30:46","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T07:30:46","slug":"albania-albanian-government-fails-to-protect-communities-access-to-land-and-nature-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/perangua.com\/es\/albania-albanian-government-fails-to-protect-communities-access-to-land-and-nature-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"[Albania] Albanian government fails to protect communities’ access to land and nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

En lugar de aumentar su seguridad energ\u00e9tica, Albania est\u00e1 impulsando la construcci\u00f3n de a\u00fan m\u00e1s energ\u00eda hidroel\u00e9ctrica, lo que lleva a miles de personas a perder sus tierras y a la posible extinci\u00f3n del felino m\u00e1s raro de Europa. La Corporaci\u00f3n Financiera de Desarrollo Internacional de EE. UU., la agencia de Financiamiento de Exportaciones del Reino Unido y el banco HSBC a\u00fan no han confirmado ning\u00fan inter\u00e9s en financiar a Skavica.<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Los proyectos hidroel\u00e9ctricos totalmente nuevos conllevan graves riesgos para las personas y la naturaleza, que muy a menudo superan los beneficios econ\u00f3micos. En los peores casos, grandes extensiones de tierra se inundan, muchas personas deben abandonar su tierra natal, los r\u00edos se convierten en embalses artificiales, los animales salvajes se extinguen y el pa\u00eds queda con deudas externas y un sistema energ\u00e9tico vulnerable al clima.<\/p>\n

Teniendo en cuenta todos estos criterios, la represa Skavica planificada en Albania es extremadamente da\u00f1ina. Sin embargo, seg\u00fan el gobierno alban\u00e9s<\/a>, la Corporaci\u00f3n Financiera de Desarrollo Internacional (DFC, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s) de EE. UU. est\u00e1 considerando financiarlo, a pesar de que el proyecto entrar\u00eda en la lista de Proyectos Categ\u00f3ricamente Prohibidos de la DFC. A finales de 2022 y principios de 2023, el gobierno tambi\u00e9n afirm\u00f3 que la agencia de financiaci\u00f3n de exportaciones del Reino Unido (UKEF) y el banco HSBC estar\u00edan interesados en financiar el proyecto. Ninguna de estas instituciones ha confirmado a\u00fan que est\u00e1n considerando seriamente el proyecto.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Albania depende en gran medida de la energ\u00eda hidroel\u00e9ctrica, con el 95 por ciento de su electricidad producida internamente generada de esta manera. Su generaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica anual ha sufrido por la falta de agua debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico, y empeorar\u00e1 a\u00fan m\u00e1s, seg\u00fan el Banco Mundial.<\/a> Albania deber\u00eda invertir en eficiencia energ\u00e9tica, plantas e\u00f3licas y solares y reconstrucci\u00f3n de presas existentes, en lugar de construir m\u00e1s de lo mismo.<\/p>\n

El valle de Dibra bajo el agua<\/b><\/p>\n

El proyecto hidroel\u00e9ctrico Skavica incluye una gran represa construida en un desfiladero pr\u00edstino con altos acantilados junto al pueblo de Skavica en el municipio de Kuk\u00ebs. Los impactos m\u00e1s significativos estar\u00edan en el municipio de Dib\u00ebr. El enorme embalse impactar\u00eda, seg\u00fan el municipio<\/a>, hasta 15.138 hect\u00e1reas (58 millas cuadradas) de tierra, en su mayor\u00eda tierras agr\u00edcolas y bosques, pero tambi\u00e9n 41 aldeas. Con varios miles de personas desplazadas, Skavica puede tener los peores impactos sociales de cualquier presa construida en Europa en el siglo XXI.<\/p>\n

Hasta el momento, no hay informaci\u00f3n oficial disponible sobre el dise\u00f1o y la ubicaci\u00f3n de la presa, ya que se espera que la evaluaci\u00f3n de impacto ambiental y social (ESIA) se complete en la segunda mitad de 2023. Pero seg\u00fan el promotor del proyecto, la Corporaci\u00f3n de Energ\u00eda de Albania (KESH), la presa probablemente tendr\u00e1 147 metros de altura<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Decisiones tomadas lejos del ojo p\u00fablico<\/b><\/p>\n

En julio de 2021, aparentemente sin ning\u00fan procedimiento de licitaci\u00f3n, un se firm\u00f3 un contrato preliminar entre la estatal KESH y el gigante de la construcci\u00f3n estadounidense Bechtel<\/a> para la primera fase del proyecto. Este contrato implic\u00f3: realizar la investigaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica, construir v\u00edas de acceso para la construcci\u00f3n y realizar un estudio de impacto ambiental y social (EIAS). Esto fue precedido por una ley especial aprobada en el parlamento (No. 38\/2021), con el nombre de la empresa incluido en la ley, eliminando as\u00ed la contrataci\u00f3n abierta y la competencia, no solo para la primera fase sino tambi\u00e9n para la fase de construcci\u00f3n. Ya se consider\u00f3 una ley especial similar para la construcci\u00f3n del teatro nacional. inconstitucional por el Tribunal Constitucional de Albania<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bechtel ha ganado notoriedad en el sureste de Europa por su participaci\u00f3n en varios proyectos fallidos y\/o sobrevaluados, como en Kosovo<\/a>, Rumania<\/a> y macedonia del norte<\/a>. Esto aumenta el riesgo de posible corrupci\u00f3n y dudas sobre la relaci\u00f3n calidad-precio del proyecto, as\u00ed como sobre la relevancia de la pr\u00f3xima evaluaci\u00f3n de impacto ambiental. Si los acuerdos para el proyecto ya se han arreglado a puertas cerradas, entonces el EIAS seguramente dar\u00e1 la respuesta 'correcta', independientemente de sus hallazgos reales.<\/p>\n

La poblaci\u00f3n local ha organizado muchas protestas en Albania<\/a> y los Estados Unidos<\/a> frente a la planta planificada y la toma de decisiones. En 2020, la polic\u00eda mult\u00f3 a dos de los organizadores de una de esas protestas, 'como una forma', afirman, 'para que las instituciones asusten a la gente para que no reaccione a las decisiones oficiales'. el grupo de facebook Oposici\u00f3n a la presa Skavica<\/a> tiene m\u00e1s de 5.000 seguidores y una petici\u00f3n<\/a> ha sido firmado por m\u00e1s de 2.000 personas.\"\"<\/p>\n

El gato m\u00e1s raro de Europa llevado a la extinci\u00f3n<\/b><\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s de los inevitables impactos negativos en las comunidades locales y la violaci\u00f3n de sus derechos humanos, la represa tambi\u00e9n inundar\u00eda las llanuras aluviales, los bosques y los pastos alrededor del r\u00edo, donde son comunes muchas especies amenazadas en el resto de Europa.<\/p>\n

Pero uno de los animales est\u00e1 especialmente amenazado, de hecho, es el gato m\u00e1s raro de Europa.<\/b> El lince balc\u00e1nico<\/a> (lince lince balcanicus<\/i>) tiene menos de 40 individuos restantes en la naturaleza. El desfiladero de Black Drin, que tiene acantilados inaccesibles y bosques lejos de las aldeas, es la \u00fanica zona donde el lince puede cruzar entre el Parque Nacional Mavrovo en Macedonia del Norte y la monta\u00f1a Munella en Albania. La construcci\u00f3n de la presa aislar\u00eda a las dos \u00fanicas poblaciones viables y las condenar\u00eda a la extinci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La represa de Skavica tambi\u00e9n inundar\u00eda el bosque inundable m\u00e1s extenso de Albania: el bosque a lo largo del r\u00edo Black Drin compuesto de aliso negro (Alnus glutinosa<\/i>), \u00e1lamo negro (Populus nigra<\/i>) y sauces (Salix sp.<\/i>). Es un h\u00e1bitat prioritario seg\u00fan la Directiva de H\u00e1bitats de la UE. La conservaci\u00f3n de este bosque es necesaria para almacenar m\u00e1s carbono en el suelo, especialmente cr\u00edtico en el pa\u00eds con la tasa de deforestaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s alta de Europa (lo que provoc\u00f3 una prohibici\u00f3n de tala impuesta en 2015<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Es sorprendente que Albania siga impulsando el desarrollo de la energ\u00eda hidroel\u00e9ctrica. La energ\u00eda hidroel\u00e9ctrica no resolver\u00e1 la crisis energ\u00e9tica del pa\u00eds y pondr\u00e1 en peligro no solo la naturaleza y la vida silvestre, sino tambi\u00e9n a la gente de Dibra, que se ver\u00e1 obligada a dejar atr\u00e1s sus hogares y las tierras de las que dependen. Solo ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil construir nuevas centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas en el futuro, debido a la vulnerabilidad clim\u00e1tica, la biodiversidad \u00fanica de la regi\u00f3n y la resistencia p\u00fablica. Dada la situaci\u00f3n anterior, esperamos que la Corporaci\u00f3n Financiera de Desarrollo Internacional (DFC) de EE. UU. se abstenga de financiar la planta hidroel\u00e9ctrica Skavica.<\/p>\n

Esta entrada de blog es una versi\u00f3n actualizada de la original publicado en el sitio web de CEE Bankwatch Network.<\/a><\/i><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Instead of increasing its energy security, Albania is pushing the construction of yet more hydropower, leading to thousands losing their land and the potential extinction of Europe\u2019s rarest cat. The US International Development Finance Corporation, UK Export Finance agency and HSBC bank have not yet confirmed any interest in financing Skavica. Greenfield hydropower projects bring […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":4218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[142,155,156,82],"class_list":["post-4207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-albania","tag-balkans","tag-dam","tag-hydropower","tag-local-communities","blog-post"],"yoast_head":"\n[Albania] Albanian government fails to protect communities' access to land and nature | Perangua - Global network of local activists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Perangua is a global network of activists and volunteers with the main objective of saving nature and sustainable traditional livelihoods. 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